Kamis, 13 November 2008

HTML (HyperText Markup Language)

HyperText Markup Language
Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
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HyperText Markup Language (HTML) adalah sebuah bahasa markup yang digunakan untuk membuat sebuah halaman web dan menampilkan berbagai informasi di dalam sebuah browser Internet.Bermula dari sebuah bahasa yang sebelumnya banyak digunakan di dunia penerbitan dan percetakan yang disebut dengan SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), HTML adalah sebuah standar yang digunakan secara luas untuk menampilkan halaman web. HTML saat ini merupakan standar Internet yang didefinisikan dan dikendalikan penggunaannya oleh World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).Versi terakhir dari HTML adalah HTML 4.01, meskipun saat ini telah berkembang XHTML yang merupakan pengembangan dari HTML.
Pendahuluan
HTML berupa kode-kode tag yang menginstruksikan browser untuk menghasilkan tampilan sesuai dengan yang diinginkan. Sebuah file yang merupakan file HTML dapat dibuka dengan menggunakan browser web seperti Mozilla Firefox atau Microsoft Internet Explorer. HTML juga dapat dikenali oleh aplikasi pembuka email ataupun dari PDA dan program lain yang memiliki kemampuan browser.HTML dokumen tersebut mirip dengan dokumen teks biasa, hanya dalam dokumen ini sebuah teks bisa memuat instruksi yang ditandai dengan kode atau lebih dikenal dengan TAG tertentu. Sebagai contoh jika ingin membuat teks ditampilkan menjadi tebal seperti: TAMPIL TEBAL, maka penulisannya dilakukan dengan cara: TAMPIL TEBAL. Tanda digunakan untuk mengaktifkan instruksi cetak tebal, diikuti oleh teks yang ingin ditebalkan, dan diakhiri dengan tanda untuk menonaktifkan cetak tebal tersebut.Markup/TandaSecara garis besar, terdapat 4 jenis elemen dari HTML:structural. tanda yang menentukan level atau tingkatan dari sebuah teks (contoh,

Golf
Golf akan memerintahkan browser untuk menampilkan "Golf" sebagai teks tebal besar yang menunjukkan sebagai Heading 1 presentational. tanda yang menentukan tampilan dari sebuah teks tidak peduli dengan level dari teks tersebut (contoh, boldface akan menampilkan bold. Tanda presentational saat ini sudah mulai digantikan oleh CSS dan tidak direkomendasikan untuk mengatur tampilan teks, hypertext. tanda yang menunjukkan pranala ke bagian dari dokumen tersebut atau pranala ke dokumen lain.

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G3neRal TIPs to be SMart


Here are a few general tips to keep in mind when you start student teaching.

Be flexible. Even the best plans for lessons, projects and homework sometimes just don’t go as you expected. Try to keep things flexible so you won’t be completely derailed when students don’t respond the way you hope.

Prepare for the unexpected. Along those same lines, when the unexpected does happen, make sure you’re ready for it. Keep a few backup lessons on hand so you won’t be left out in the cold if you need something to keep your students busy.

Learn from other teachers. You’re student teaching in order to get an idea of how to teach, so what better way to supplement your experience than to ask questions and learn from those who are already in the field?

Talk to parents. Learning to work with parents can be difficult, but it’s a necessary component of being a teacher. Make sure to keep parents informed of their child’s progress.
Share your personal skills.


Each person brings a different set of skills to the table when they start student teaching. For instance, if you’re a great artist, try incorporating art into your student’s lessons.

Watch what you say. Those just entering student teaching can have a hard time remembering that what they say and do must be closely monitored, both in front of students and other faculty members. You never know what could come back to bite you, so keep your comments to yourself when at school or in public.

Learn to prioritize. This can be a good rule for life in general, but it’s especially important when you’re teaching students. Figure out what parts of the lessons are most important and concentrate your energy on those.

Find out how your school is run. You’ll make things a lot easier on yourself by figuring out the little day to day operations of the school you’ll be working for. Speak with administrators and cooperating teachers to get the information you’ll need to keep things running smoothly.

Plan, plan, plan. When you’re starting out in teaching, you can’t ever plan too much. While it may seem tedious to spend hours planning out every detail of your classes, it can be a good way to keep you feeling confident until you really get the hang of teaching.

Create simple rules. The best rules are those that are easy for your students to remember. Keep things simple and lay out some simple guidelines for students to follow to keep them well-behaved and attentive during class.
Focus on what you do know. Student teachers and those just starting out in the field will sometimes feel like what they don’t know far outweighs what they do know. However true this may be, try focusing on what you do know instead. The rest will come in time.

Don’t try to do it all at once. Many student teachers go into their classrooms with a million ideas for lessons. However, you’ll give yourself a heart attack running around trying to do all the things you want to do at one time, so focus on fully exploring a few of your ideas at a time.

Ask questions. Don’t know something? Just ask. Those around you are there to help, so take advantage of their experience and knowledge as you work through your student teaching.

Learn about the experience. While reading doesn’t compare to real life experience, it can help prepare you and give an idea of what to expect. Read articles and books about student teaching to help prepare you for the months to come.

Enjoy it! At the end of the day, student teaching should be a fun and rewarding experience. Make sure you’re not so wrapped up in doing well that you aren’t taking the time to truly enjoy and appreciate it.