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- Pengertian
- Sistem informasi adalah sekumpulan perangkat keras (hardware), perangkat lunak (software), prosedur dan atau aturan yang diorganisasikan secara integral untuk mengolah data menjadi informasi yang bermanfaat guna memecah masalah dan pengambilan keputusan.
- Secara skema dapat dijelaskan seperti gambar di bawah ini
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- Komponen sistem informasi
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- Hardware / perangkat keras
- Software / perangkat lunak / program
- Prosedur
- Orang
- Database / Basis data
- Jaringan Komputer dan komunikasi data
- Siklus hidup pengembangan sistem informasi
- Siklus hidup pengembangan sistem informasi atau Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) adalah suatu proses pembuatan sofware yang meliputi Scoping - Requirement collection & analysis - Prototyping - Designing - Coding - Testing - Implementing - Maintaining.
Prinsip yang digunakan pada SDLC adalah model air terjun (waterfall) seperti gambar di bawah ini:
- Arsitektur
- Ada tiga macam arsitektur, yaitu:
- Arsitektur tersentralisasi
- Arsitektur terdistribusi
- Arsitektur client/ server
- Arsitektur tersentralisasi
- Arsitektur ini sudah dikenal semenjak tahun 1960-an dengan mainframe sebagai faktor utama. Mainframe adalah komputer yang berukuran relatif besar yang ditujukan untuk menangani data yang berukuran besar, dengan ribuan terminal untuk mengakses data dengan tanggapan yang sangat cepat dan melibatkan jutaan transaksi.
- Arsitektur terdistribusi
- Arsitektur desentralisasi merupakan konsep dari pemrosesan data tersebar (atau terdistribusi). Sistem pemrosesan data terdistribusi (atau biasa disebut sebagai komputasi tersebar) sebagai sistem yang terdiri atas sejumlah komputer yang tersebar pada berbagai lokasi yang dihubungkan dengan sarana telekomunikasi dengan masing-masing komputer mampu melakukan pemrosesan yang serupa secara mandiri, tetapi bisa saling berinteraksi dalam pertukaran data.
- Arsitektur client/ server
- Pada arsitektur ini ada sebagian yang disebut client dan ada yang disebut server. Server adalah sistem atau proses yang menyediakan data atau layanan yang diminta oleh client. Secara fisik sebuah server dapat berupa komputer (mainframe, mini-komputer,workstation,ataupun PC) atau piranti lain (misalnya printer). Client mempunyai kemampuan untuk melakukan proses sendiri. Ketika sebuah client meminta suatu data ke server, server akan segera menanggapinya dengan memberikan data yang diminta ke client bersangkutan. Setelah diterima client segera melakukan pemrosesan
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G3neRal TIPs to be SMart
Here are a few general tips to keep in mind when you start student teaching.
Be flexible. Even the best plans for lessons, projects and homework sometimes just don’t go as you expected. Try to keep things flexible so you won’t be completely derailed when students don’t respond the way you hope.
Prepare for the unexpected. Along those same lines, when the unexpected does happen, make sure you’re ready for it. Keep a few backup lessons on hand so you won’t be left out in the cold if you need something to keep your students busy.
Learn from other teachers. You’re student teaching in order to get an idea of how to teach, so what better way to supplement your experience than to ask questions and learn from those who are already in the field?
Talk to parents. Learning to work with parents can be difficult, but it’s a necessary component of being a teacher. Make sure to keep parents informed of their child’s progress.
Share your personal skills. Each person brings a different set of skills to the table when they start student teaching. For instance, if you’re a great artist, try incorporating art into your student’s lessons.
Watch what you say. Those just entering student teaching can have a hard time remembering that what they say and do must be closely monitored, both in front of students and other faculty members. You never know what could come back to bite you, so keep your comments to yourself when at school or in public.
Learn to prioritize. This can be a good rule for life in general, but it’s especially important when you’re teaching students. Figure out what parts of the lessons are most important and concentrate your energy on those.
Find out how your school is run. You’ll make things a lot easier on yourself by figuring out the little day to day operations of the school you’ll be working for. Speak with administrators and cooperating teachers to get the information you’ll need to keep things running smoothly.
Plan, plan, plan. When you’re starting out in teaching, you can’t ever plan too much. While it may seem tedious to spend hours planning out every detail of your classes, it can be a good way to keep you feeling confident until you really get the hang of teaching.
Create simple rules. The best rules are those that are easy for your students to remember. Keep things simple and lay out some simple guidelines for students to follow to keep them well-behaved and attentive during class.
Focus on what you do know. Student teachers and those just starting out in the field will sometimes feel like what they don’t know far outweighs what they do know. However true this may be, try focusing on what you do know instead. The rest will come in time.
Don’t try to do it all at once. Many student teachers go into their classrooms with a million ideas for lessons. However, you’ll give yourself a heart attack running around trying to do all the things you want to do at one time, so focus on fully exploring a few of your ideas at a time.
Ask questions. Don’t know something? Just ask. Those around you are there to help, so take advantage of their experience and knowledge as you work through your student teaching.
Learn about the experience. While reading doesn’t compare to real life experience, it can help prepare you and give an idea of what to expect. Read articles and books about student teaching to help prepare you for the months to come.
Enjoy it! At the end of the day, student teaching should be a fun and rewarding experience. Make sure you’re not so wrapped up in doing well that you aren’t taking the time to truly enjoy and appreciate it.
